Time for Revision of Seafarers Vision Testing? Article for Discussion
نویسنده
چکیده
The maritime sector has a high incidence of serious and fatal injuries because of frequent accidents and maritime catastrophes (1). The Marine Accident Investigation Branch (2) in the United Kingdom claims that, after the positive trends in technological navigation instruments in the past 20 years, one factor is the predominant cause of accidents: human error. This hypothesis is supported by an overview from Rothblum (3) of the United States Coast Guard Research & Development Center showing that 75– 96% of maritime accidents result from human error at least in part. Statistics on maritime accidents in New Zealand (4) in 1995–1996 showed that 49 % resulted from human error, 35% from technical factors and 16% environmental factors. The two most common human factors were improper watchkeeping or lookout and error of judgement. A study of 177 maritime accidents in eight countries (5) related 71% of human error to situation awareness. This was defined at three levels: 1) failure to correctly perceive information, 2) failure to correctly integrate or comprehend information and 3) failure to project future actions or the state of the system (a combination of levels 1 and 2). It was
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